Solar cold storage systems are revolutionizing the way we preserve perishable goods, offering an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional refrigeration. With India’s abundant sunshine, harnessing solar energy for refrigeration is a practical and efficient solution. A recent study by experts at IIT Madras explores the potential of solar-powered cold storage in addressing food wastage and enhancing sustainability.
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How Solar Cold Storage Systems Work
Solar cold storage systems utilize solar energy to power refrigeration units, eliminating the need for fossil fuels. The study, conducted by Mr. Vijayakumar S., Prof. Mani A., and Dr. Advaith S., demonstrates how an absorption refrigeration system (ARS) can efficiently operate using solar energy. Unlike conventional cooling systems, ARS makes use of low-grade energy for heat supply, making it more environmentally friendly.
Key Components and Performance Analysis
The research team designed, developed, and tested a 3.5 kW solar cold storage system at Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited (NLC) in Neyveli, India. Several critical components contribute to its performance, including:
- Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETC) – These collect and convert solar radiation into heat energy.
- Absorption Refrigeration System – A sustainable alternative to vapor compression systems.
- Thermal Storage and Battery Backup – Ensuring continuous 24-hour operation, even in low sunlight conditions.
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During the study, the solar collector field generated an average hot water temperature of 110°C in June and July 2023, with solar radiation averaging 623 kW/m². These results highlight the system’s ability to maintain optimal cooling conditions round the clock.
Benefits of Solar Cold Storage Systems
- Energy Efficiency – These systems reduce dependence on fossil fuels, cutting energy costs significantly.
- Environmentally Friendly – ARS eliminates harmful refrigerants, reducing carbon emissions.
- Reduction in Food Wastage – By preserving perishable items efficiently, solar-powered storage can curb post-harvest losses.
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With rising energy demands and increasing concerns about food security, solar cold storage systems offer an innovative and sustainable solution. As noted by Prof. Bidyut Baran Saha from Kyushu University, this study provides valuable insights into optimizing solar refrigeration technology. Implementing such systems on a larger scale can transform the cold storage industry, making it greener and more cost-effective.